In this episode, Kelly Manjula Koza answers the question she’s often asked: “How it is that you came to know about Sardinia and her weavers?”
Transcript
People often ask how it is that I came to know about Sardinia, the weavers, and to work with them.
It’s rather complex and amazing story full of synchronicity, and it reaches back to my childhood. I like to tell the story using textile terms of warp (the foundational threads of a textile) and weft (the threads that are later interwoven into the warp). I think it’s easier to understand this way!
The first warp thread is that I had the good fortune to grow up with a mother, Carole, who was an amazing designer and maker who could figure out anything and make anything. She was especially adept with textiles. An incredible seamstress, she made most of her own clothes, and many of mine when I was young. She could design, make, repair, upholster, or improve anything. She also crocheted, embroidered, and did a bit of weaving. I watched her and listened to her explain her techniques, learned how things were constructed, and came to appreciate what it took to make something by hand — particularly clothes and textiles. While I didn’t want be behind the sewing machine doing this myself — I wanted to be outside playing sports, or off in a corner reading a book — I always loved watching her work, and loved going to the fabric store with her because I loved the sight, feel, and beauty of the cloth. I learned much from my mom, and gained a great appreciation of the fiber arts, fabric, and what it took to make textiles. I also gained a great appreciation of the handmade, and the women (it’s usually women!) who make textiles and textile-based items by hand. I could also, from what my mom taught me, identify by both physical characteristics and sense, when something was handmade.
When I went to university, this appreciation grew even further. I majored in Design, and at the University of Arizona, my favorite courses were the Fiber Arts courses taught by Gayle Wimmer. Gayle was an internationally renowned fiber artist who had worked in six or eight different countries before and during her time running the Fiber Arts Department at the UofA. Gayle was a huge influence, expanding my knowledge and appreciation of the fiber arts, of international artists, and even of languages (which I always loved — and she was fluent in six!). However, while Gayle deepened my love and appreciation of textiles, I knew becoming a weaver was not my path — if anything, I sensed that one day I might collect textiles, out of my love for them and to support the women artists who make them.
This love of textiles from an early age is obviously a key warp thread, foundational in this story of what led me to Sardinia and the weavers. Another such thread also comes from my childhood: The tactile memory of a certain bedspread we had when I was an infant. The memory is of a bedspread filled with bumps of fabric, in a pattern I used to run my hand over and over. While the bedspread disappeared when I was a young child, the memory persisted. In the early 2000’s, I tried to find a similar bedspread. Since my mom had passed a few years prior, I could not ask her for any helpful information. I searched and searched, but could find nothing. I had no idea what the bedspread type was called, or even where to look beyond the stores and internet. I gave up, yet the memory of that bedspread persisted.
The final thread of the warp laying the foundation of this story is another childhood memory. When I was young, and even into my 20’s, I had a recurring dream of an absolutely stunning and unique beach: The water was a clear yet deep blue, absolutely beautiful. The sky was a different hue of blue, yet equally, amazingly blue. In the foreground was a beach of fantastically-shaped giant rocks. In the distance, I saw the silhouette of another island rising out of the water. I somehow knew this was an island, but I never knew where it was. Sometimes I thought it was might be along California’s Pacific Coast. Other times, I thought perhaps it was Wales, or Greece, or — no, none of those were quite right. Mediterranean — perhaps “Italy but not Italy”. That felt right. But I wasn’t even certain if this was a real island, or just an island of my dreams!
So these are foundational warp threads of the story: A love and appreciation of textiles and their makers; a bumpy bedspread, and a magical mysterious island of my dreams.
The weft threads that fill in and complete the story began in about 2012. That’s when I began to study Italian (which is another story in itself). In early 2013 I read my first book in Italian. It was a biography, and Sardinia was a key location mentioned. I knew where Sardinia was, but I didn’t know where Gallura was on the island. Like any of us do when we’re studying a new language or a new topic and we want to learn something, I went online to search. I entered “Gallura Sardinia” — and what popped up on the screen sent shivers down my spine.
I was looking at photos of the exact same coastline that I had seen so often in my dreams.
I still get shivers thinking about that moment. And – of course I had to go to this coastline, this island of my dreams.
In September 2013, I made my first trip to Sardinia. A friend came with me, and of course we visited the beaches in Gallura, and more. I would have been content to stay at the beach the entire short trip, yet my friend wanted to visit some of the little towns on the northeast tip of Sardinia, one in particular, so we did. The town was once a fishing village, and over time had come to cater more to tourists. As we walked around the old downtown area, which was full of small shops, we came across a shop with a sign indicating they sold textiles. Of course I wanted to check it out. As we approached, I saw that the shop window was full of rugs, cushions, and bedspreads — all with the little fabric bumps I remembered from that long-ago bedspread from when I was an infant!
We went in — of course! — and bought a few items. The woman in the shop told me that the items were handmade, and yet while they were nicely made, I knew that what I had bought was not handmade. There are always beautiful little details of workmanship that give away the handmade, and more than that, there’s a feeling, an essence, an anima or spirit of the maker in textiles that are handmade. I knew the textiles I had bought were nicely made — and I knew they were not handmade. More than that, I also knew that there had to be women who were still weaving by hand in Sardinia. Perhaps they were older, perhaps they were in the center of the island (where I already knew traditions lasted longer), perhaps there were not many — but I knew there had to be women still weaving by hand in Sardinia.
I also knew — then and there — that I wanted to come back and find those women and their textiles. So I did.
(An earlier blog post containing a slightly different telling of this story is here.)
Historically, flights to Sardinia depart only from a limited number of European hubs during tourist season. During the off season, flights are even more limited and generally depart from Milano and Roma, although a few flights do depart from some other Italian cities on highly limited schedules, especially for holidays.
While the Spring 2026 Sardinian Arts Tour begins May 10th, before the first direct flight, you’ll be able to fly back to the US directly after the tour if you choose. The Fall 2026 Tour may fall within the Delta flights window — provider dates in October are often a bit flexible and tied to how the season starts and weather. See the Tours page for more info.
And no, I’m not being compensated for mentioning Delta — I just know this will be a welcome relief for many US travelers headed to Sardinia. This past year especially I (and others) have noted more US tourists on the island than previous years.
Personally, I will likely still travel through Milano-Linate, as I love Milano and always like to spend time there.
No matter how you get to Sardinia, I hope to see you on this magnificent island — perhaps on a tour!
US citizens traveling to the European Union/Schengen Area need to know these important changes to travel registration and authorization requirements.
Starting October 12, 2025, the EU is phasing in an electronic entry and exit system (EES). This means that non-EU citizens entering the Schengen Area will have their photos and biometric data recorded when entering the Area.
Starting in the fourth quarter (Q4) of 2026, non-EU citizens will be required before their trip to register online with the European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS).
EES and ETIAS are similar to entry and security systems the USA, UK, and Australia have had in place for some time. The systems are designed to modernize travel and make border crossings simpler, safer, and faster. The EU has been planning implementation for several years.
What to Know and Do
2025 October 12 – Exit/Entry System (EES) Starts
On this date, non-EU nationals (including US citizens) traveling to the Schengen Area for short stays will start having their pictures and fingerprints taken at the Area’s external borders. While not all entry ports will have this operational on October 12, the system will be fully operational by April 10, 2026. Border entry queues may be slower at times due to collecting this information from non-EU citizens entering for the first time under these requirements.
Learn more on the official EU website: https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/united-states-america/travelling-europe-etias_en
2026 Q4 – European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS) Starts
The exact date ETIAS will start will be announced at least six months before the system is operational. The date is somewhat dependent upon the rollout of EES.
ETIAS is an entry requirement for non-EU citizens visiting the EU for short-term stays (up to 90 days in any 180 days) in 30 Schengen countries. It’s valid for multiple entries over three years or until your passport expires, which ever comes first. ETIAS is not a visa.
Applying for ETIAS
(WHEN ETIAS BECOMES ACTIVE) At least three days before your planned trip, apply for ETIAS via the official website or app (see below) and pay a €20 fee (about $23-$25). Authorization is sent to you via email or the official app.
Completing the ETIAS application takes about 20 minutes. You must provide your name, contact information, education, profession, passport/residence permit info, when you’ll make your first entry into the Schengen Area, and other details pertaining to entry eligibility. Processing and authorization generally take 24 hours, although in some cases it may take longer, and you may be asked to provide documentation beyond what’s generally required.
Official Sites and Application
WHEN ETIAS BECOMES ACTIVE – Apply using the official ETIAS website or the official ETIAS mobile app.
I’ll update this page and post photos of the app as the site and app go live. ~ KMK
Official ETIAS app – To be released in App stores. Not yet released as of 2025-08-30
Beware: There are many unofficial websites and apps that offer information about ETIAS (and EES), and many non-official sites and apps that offer systems (or will when the system is live) to complete the ETIAS. To avoid potential scams and/or unnecessary fees, use only the official EU Government website or official app when you apply.
An important reminder for everyone, including those interested in Sardinia and Sardinian handwoven textiles: Don’t believe everything you see online.
Today on social media I saw yet more AI-generated content with incorrect, misleading information about Sardinia and supposed (not actual) women handweaving artists. I’ll try to not rant too much, and just implore: Don’t believe everything you see online.
Know and trust your online sources. Ensure they’re real. Ensure your sources have the knowledge and experience they say they do. Ensure their content is valid, truthful, and not scraped from others. If you’re interested in handwoven textiles, make certain you and the seller/maker share the same definition of “handwoven”.
I see an increasing number of sites and social profiles that use gen AI to fabricate content about Sardinia. Their text and photos are too often inaccurate and misleading. In addition, AI-generated content about Sardinian textiles often scrapes from carefully-curated sites built by artists and their supporters without concern for artists, their work, or their rights.* Online reviews and images of Sardinian places and properties can be falsified easily — and too often are. Sadly, I’ve had to console and gently re-educate a number of folks who have made reservations or purchases in Sardinia based on misinformation they found online and didn’t verify.
Brief examples: • You scroll online and see photo of women at a loom, supposedly in Samugheo, with a window opening to the sea and text describing the scent of the sea influencing the textiles? Fake. • A real estate site shows you a supposed listing for a house in Samugheo (or elsewhere in the island’s center) with a sunset vista of the ocean. Fake.
Samugheo is not anywhere near the sea. You can’t see or smell the ocean from Samugheo or other places in the center of the island.
As always, the best sources of information are experienced, trustworthy humans you know.
Sardinian Arts and all that I write, share, and post are human-created and human-focused, based upon my extensive in-person experience and travels in Sardinia, my good fortune in having met many friends on the island, and my continuing exploration of the many gifts Sardinia offers.
Don’t believe everything you see social media. Check sources. Get to know the people you meet online. Work with human beings you know and trust. People with experience, heart, and soul.
~ Kelly Manjula Koza
*I don’t scrape from other sites. Several sites posting all AI-generated content scrape from SardinianArts.com, however 🙁
Life continues its fast pace, and I haven’t posted or written much in the past months because so much has been in motion – including me!
May and June found me zig-zagging across Sardinia. I posted a few tidbits about my adventures while on the road, yet I prefer to stay present with the people, places, and experience in front of me, sharing photos and stories later. Over time, you’ll see these trickle out on social media, here on the blog, and in presentations.
July and the first part of August (the months tourists traditionally vacation in Sardinia!) found me heads-down at the computer planning new adventures — including the tours of Sardinia that so many of you have requested!
I just released details and registration for two 2026 tours. Both include visits to handweavers featured on this website, plus much more. Check them out:
In May, we’ll spend more time with handweavers, in textile-related museums, and on textile-related adventures. We’ll also visit natural, historic, and sacred spaces of the island.
In October, we’ll visit the handweavers, yet spend less time on textile-related adventures and more time exploring other arts and cultural, historic, sacred, and natural areas. Weather permitting, the October tour may include a short boat excursion and a guided tour of breathtaking natural caverns.
If you’re a traveler — weaver or not — who wants to experience Sardinia and the island’s beauty, arts, culture, history, nature and textiles, come join me on a tour!
Kelly Manjula Koza, founder of Sardinian Arts, will share photos, film clips, and stories of the island with a focus on the tessitrici artigianali — the unique women weavers who maintain Sardinia’s ancient handweaving tradition, artfully expressing the Sardinian spirit through their work and textiles.
Discussion and tastes of traditional Sardinian food will follow the presentation.
A Glimpse of Sardinia, Sunday, February 23, 2025, 4.30 to 6.30pm Museo Italo Americano Fort Mason Center, 2 Marina Boulevard, Building C San Francisco, CA 94123
September 25, 2024 – This event is postponed. Watch for updates here or in the newsletter. Apologies for the delay, yet we look forward to a wonderful presentation with Eugenia!
Noted Sardinian Textile Designer Eugenia Pinna will present her work in a live online eventNEW DATE TO BE DETERMINED. Saturday, October 19, 2024 at 10am Pacific/1pm Eastern. Eugenia will discuss her textiles and present a brief history of her work from her studio in Nule, Sardegna. The event is presented as a collaboration between Eugenia, Sardinian Arts, and the Italian Cultural Institute-San Francisco. The event is free.
Having absorbed the weaving tradition of Nule as a girl, Eugenia furthered her artistic ability at the European Institute of Design in Cagliari. Her works fuse the knowledge and skill of the traditional handweavers of Nule — expert in their knowledge of wool, natural colors, and the mechanics, techniques, and patterns suited to the vertical loom — with a modern design sensibility, complex and beautiful color combinations, and innovative shapes and designs that are uniquely hers. Simply stated, Eugenia has mastered what few can: She has blended the contemporary with the traditional to create warm and astoundingly beautiful works of art that have a presence and personality of their own.
The event will be held on Zoom; details will be provided upon registration. NEW DATE TBD.
RAI, the Italian state radio and TV network, aired a two-hour special about Sardinia on April 16. The show is available online even within the USA.
As part of the Ulisse (Ulysses) series, the program features footage and a bit of history of select locations around Sardinia — primarily those visited by Ulysses during his epic voyage. Alberto Angelo, RAI’s gracious and beloved host of Italian travel and history shows, narrates Ulisse in Italian — yet if you don’t speak the language, you can watch the show and enjoy the magnificent scenery.
The episode includes a short segment about Sardinia’s protected sea silk (byssus) and weaver Chiara Vigo, the only person who retains the right to collect this rare treasure in Sardegna.
In the United States, you can watch Ulisse for free on your computer or mobile device after you register for a free RAI account. On your computer, click this link. On your mobile device, download the RAIplay app for your smartphone or tablet. Follow the on-screen instructions to set up your free account, then search for “Ulisse” to find the episode about Sardegna.
In my presentations, I always talk about what the term handmade means, discuss the difference between handmade, hand-decorated, and mill-made textiles, and emphasize the importance of establishing and maintaining a classification system to protect the different types of Sardinian textiles.
Currently, there are no formal classifications or protections. This leads to confusion for buyers and encourages unscrupulous foreign businesses to appropriate and copy — steal — Sardinian textile designs and business. Even now, poorly-made textiles are being produced in China and brought into Sardinia, where the cheap imitations are labeled as “Authentic Sardinian” weavings and sold in tourist shops and roadside stands. I find this sad and infuriating.
Handwoven textiles are a key element of Sardinia’s heritage, and valuing and protecting the handweavers and their art is critical to maintaining the integrity of Sardinian textiles, overall Sardinian heritage, and the island’s economy. The European Union has a classification system to protect traditional foods and wines considered important to Italy’s cultural heritage — green plastic jars of “parmesan cheese” are not the same as rounds of true Parmigiano Reggiano DOP cheese, and the green jar name and labels cannot suggest they are.
A similar textile classification system would help buyers understand what kind of weaving they are purchasing, ensure fair pricing for the different classifications of weavings, and protect Sardinian handweavers, textile producers, and mill owners from having their designs stolen and copied by offshore makers.
While there’s much to discuss about protecting Sardinian textiles, cultural appropriation, and related issues, I’ll be brief here. In fact, what you’ll read below are excerpts addressing these themes from the Sardinian Arts Statement. You can read the full statement here (anche in Italiano).
In recent years, we have heard too many stories of traditional cultures and their arts that have been appropriated by vendors who are greedy and lack scruples. Stolen designs are used to generate profit for large international conglomerates instead of the communities from which the designs come and items are traditionally produced.
For the purpose of elevating the esteem and value for their art, Sardinian weavers should be recognized as artists, and their traditional designs should be respected as art of Sardinian origin. Items which incorporate Sardinian designs should be made only by local producers. The protection of Sardinian artists and designs will be advantageous to all the weavers of the island.
In Sardinia, most sellers don’t currently make a distinction between textiles made by hand, powerloom, or mill. In the tourist shops, on the internet, and even in some textile studios, all of these textiles are sold as “traditional” and “traditional handmade”.
Just as the European Union recognizes different classifications of traditional food, it’s important that Sardinian textiles are classified accurately with reference to the method and place in which they are made, and that the public be educated to this regard. In fact, all the classifications have their place and their buyers.
Having discussed and exchanged ideas and opinions with experts over the past years, I think that this system of classification will help buyers understand the classifications of textiles bearing the label “Made in Sardinia”, increase the esteem of all weavers of all the classifications, and protect the weavers in the global economy.
Handmade textiles: Textiles made completely by hand, using looms where all the movements and beating are done only by hand/foot, and not by a hydraulic, electronic, or computerized loom.
Hand-decorated textiles: Textiles made by hydraulic, electronic, or computerized looms, where all the beating is not done by hand/foot. The weavers stops the mechanical beating of the loom to make pibiones and/or add other decoration by hand.
Mill-made textiles: Textiles made in mills, by hydraulic, electronic, and/or computerized looms with minimum human involvement, and often where many similar objects are produced at the same time.
All the levels permit:
The use of fibers prepared in mills.
The use of a sewing machine, if the use is to make seams/hems after the weaving is cut from the loom and the seams/hems are not decorative.
The use of fibers prepared by hand without hydraulic, electronic, or computerized tools can be indicated with the label “Hand-spun fibers”.
All three classifications have their buyers and their place in the market. There is no competition. The difference between the three classifications of textiles is the same as the difference between a painting by a master painter, a limited-edition print of the painting, and a poster.
Truly handwoven Sardinian textiles are a fit for collectors and others who value the highest quality textiles and the work of the women who weave them. Hand-decorated items suit designers who want rapidly-made customized production of their designs or unique items without the cost of a truly handmade item. Mill-made textiles from Sardinia are nicely made, inexpensive, and perfect for everyday use in homes, hotels, and restaurants.
While what I have written here is specific to Sardinia, I believe that protecting the handmade items and traditional arts of all cultures is necessary to preserve and sustainably build economies, societies, and people across the globe. Yes, technology has its place, but technology and gizmos must be balanced with the handmade in order to preserve and advance our physical and mental health, the health of the nature and societies, and the health of our individual and collective spirits.
~ Kelly Manjula Koza
The photos the cheese and also that of the power loom are from unknown websites; my thanks to the photographers.